Topical Bible Study

This is the second of several topical studies that I’m doing to understand our emotions from a biblical perspective. Before we get to the study, let me begin with one overarching observation. As Christians (and everyone?), we usually view sadness as a negative disposition or emotion. And yet, Jesus states, “Happy are you who mourn!” How different from our society which is consumed with pushing away sadness as the ultimate end goal to life.

Eliminating sadness from your existence as a life goal is a practice in futility, and is not healthy. Christian, have you ever considered that sadness might be a good emotional experience for you today? Yes, in moderation. And yes, temporarily. But we should know how to live content, to the glory of God, in sadness as well as in happiness.

We often hear “Let’s pray that God gives him victory over his sadness.” Well, we want people to move on from sadness, but let’s not think that just because Jim Bob is sad that he is living outside of God’s will. That is not biblical. Thankfully, God will put an end to sadness in His presence eternally; but on earth, there are times that God wants me to feel the emotion of sadness.

For those of you who are happy, be patient and sit with those among us that are sad.

"For the despairing man there should be kindness from his friend; So that he does not forsake the fear of the Almighty” (Job 6:14).

For those of you who are sad, let God give you strength to glorify Him in your sadness. Also, find truths in His word that will help you move through the dark clouds and emotional storm to clearer skies where you can offer happy praise.

Below I sort through the occurrences of the word sad in the Bible (study on anxiety here). It is so important to understand our emotions and especially the emotion of sadness from a biblical perspective. For those of you who enjoy word studies, you can scroll down past the applicational points. But for the sake of readability, I put application ideas that jump out of the study at the top (observations). The data sets follow those observations.

For those of you who don’t like reading summary observations, you can wait for the finished product. I understand that the writing below is raw and unpolished. Don’t fault me for that = ) That’s what I’m after at this stage of the game. I’ll put a finished product out there before long. Don’t let that make you sad = (

Topical Study: Sadness

Examining different synonyms for sadness and similar overlapping concepts in Hebrew and Greek (Part 2) with some ideas for application (Part 1).

Part 1 - Helpful Observations that Flow from a Word Study

Observation 1

Sadness of face and heart is a common phrase in the Hebrew (Heb, lit - “bad face”) and Greek (skuthropos; stugnadzo). Sadness is something that we can’t keep from wearing on our face. It is good to ask someone what is going on inside when their outside provides us these clues. Be sure you are in the right kind of relationship with them. Also, be sure to encourage with other things as well, perhaps distraction is a good face lifter rather than a friends ‘introspection question session.’

It is fascinating in Job 9:27, he considers faking the face look. And so he shares the opposite … to put off the face that is sad and put on a “gleam and smile” face.

The sadness of face stems from the sadness of heart. And so, sadness is a heart issue that has to be dealt with on that level. You can only hide the face so long, eventually you cannot cover up the need of the heart.

Observation 2

Similar to the sad heart is the pained heart. The vexed/sick/pained heart. This is not sinful, because the Lord experiences this pain. It is the same as the bad heart above, but focuses on the feeling of pain. Again, the Bible acknowledges that there is a way to express our inner feelings that can only be referred to as pain. A heart pain, a heart sickness.

God expresses His own feeling in this way to us. In a sense, God has this heart hurt, that He may empathize with us in our heart hurt.

Observation 3

Just as God expresses Himself as having this pain of heart, He is also described as grieved at sin (How often they rebelled against Him in the wilderness And grieved Him in the desert! Psalm 78:40; Isaiah 63:10).

Observation 4

We learn some of our greatest lessons when going through a period of sadness (“Grow through what you go through”). So, the times of sadness are actually better, in one sense, than the times of lightness and laughter (Ecclesiastes 7:3)

Also, facing mourning is an expected part of life. Lamentation will be a part of all of our lives until we enter the land where there is no mourning. So, if we all will face these types of sadness, we should try to take them in that stride. This horrible grief (read C.S. Lewis - “A Grief Observed.”), is a part of everyone’s life I need to take it as I would encourage my friend or neighbor to take their allotted “time” of grief. The emphatic form of the word for sadness - mourning for death (beating the chest in a funeral lament) is used in Ecclesiastes 3:4 - “There is a time to mourn as well as dance.” Each person has this difficult form of sadness and grief in life.

Perhaps we should learn a lesson from this in our church funeral practices. It is not hyper spiritual to say, “This is not a funeral, its a celebration.” We may understand that it is a celebration for the person who has gone - for they are doing really well! But it is a funeral for those behind who truly grieve their loss. It’s like we are sad when a friend leaves for a period of months. We may celebrate that they have gone on a visit of Iceland’s beautiful scenes, but we are sad that we are left to continue without them. That is not unspiritual, it is a part of love. Love grieves the passing of the loved one.

Observation 5

There is an expected time for mourning in the Bible for the believing community. Perhaps this is a good practice for us to mirror. We could set up some suggested times and helps that the church provides for the weeks (months?) after the death of the close loved one.

There was not just an expected time, but an expected dress. One of the words of mourning (kadar) has reference to wearing black (Que Johnny Cash’s “up front a man in black”). In Hebrew, the disheveled appearance and dark clothing represented the dark and disheveled feeling on the inside as one mourned the loss of someone or something. The Psalms use this concept 4x. There’s a fascinating passage in Jeremiah that pictures the earth clothed this way after God’s anger, "For this the earth shall mourn And the heavens above be dark, Because I have spoken, I have purposed, And I will not change My mind, nor will I turn from it" (Jer. 4:28).

Observation 6

Although the overwhelming majority of “mourning” (ebel) in Hebrew have to do with mourning the loss of a loved one, there are some notable exceptions that have to do with sorrow for another person’s sin. Samuel mourned when he was not able to help Saul anymore because of Saul’s rebellion. Also, consider Israel’s sorrow and desire to move back to fight when they were no longer able to take the land in response to listening to the spies that had an evil report; Ezra and Nehemiah’s mourning over the sins of those who remained in the land while he was in exile.

This shows both the emotional toll that Ezra, Samuel, and Nehemiah carry with them. It also shows the emotional response of a mature, godly person to another person’s sin. We should not laugh, jest, but grieve . . . blessed are those who mourn like this. With Nehemiah it spread to the whole community when they read the words of the Law.

Another Hebrew term is also used for mourning over our own iniquity (Ezekiel 7:16, hamah).

Observation 7

The difficult experience considered above (most often mourning the death of a loved one) is the word used to refer to the benefit of Messiah’s ministry. He will not just heal. He will comfort those who mourn. This is tied to His Spirit’s work in us. This is a huge key toward understanding how to manage this emotion and find joy and consolation from our period of mourning.

“The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, Because the LORD has anointed me To bring good news to the afflicted; He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, To proclaim liberty to captives And freedom to prisoners; To proclaim the favorable year of the LORD And the day of vengeance of our God; To comfort all who mourn, To grant those who mourn in Zion, Giving them a garland instead of ashes, The oil of gladness instead of mourning, The mantle of praise instead of a spirit of fainting. So they will be called oaks of righteousness, The planting of the LORD, that He may be glorified. (Isa. 61:1-3 NAU)

Observation 8

Although sadness is a part of this world, and an emotion that is not sinful in and of itself, the next world will be one where there is no more mourning. This shows that a desire to be rid of sadness is not necessarily a bad thing. Let’s not be sadomasochist about this = )

This shows that no matter how bad your sorrow now, it is temporary. God’s heaven is filled with fullness of joy, and no more mourning (Isaiah 60:20).

Observation 9

We can find emotional strength and joy in the Lord even in the difficult times of mourning. We can celebrate in the Person and gifts of the Lord (Nehemiah 8:11 So the Levites calmed all the people, saying, "Be still, for the day is holy; do not be grieved.")

Observation 10

God allows, and even causes mourning (Jeremiah 4:28, Amos 9:5).

Observation 11

Although God causes some mourning, it is not a joy to Him (Lamentation 3:33). Also, He observes it compassionately, taking account of it - recording it as it were:

“You have taken account of my wanderings;

Put my tears in Your bottle.

Are they not in Your book?”

Psalm 56:8

The wanderings are those mourning shaking back and forth - one of the most dramatic of terms for mourning - a shaking like a reed in the wind (Similar idea too is wandering - as in homelessness, that may be the idea behind the Hebrew word… The Lord sees both = )

Observation 12

Job’s friends start out well when grieving with Job. They come and are as it were “waving back and forth in the wind” in mourning with him. We should be with and sit with and mourn with those who are sorrowing. Nothing need be said.

Observation 13

Weeping (Hebrew - Bakah) is an interesting human expression. Jesus wept. Joseph wept. Weeping happens during disappointments, losses, deaths, but also in times of joy (Joseph sees Jacob; and surprise). At another time, Joseph tried to hide his tears, perhaps not to blow his cover. But it was weeping that was uncontrollable. There are times when these emotions are heightened to where they are not held back. Here are a few observations about weeping in the Bible:

· The most common occurrence of weeping is after death (Aaron, Sarah, Moses, David for the death of Saul and Jonathan - wept till there was no strength left to weep; David for Abner; David for his son who died b/c of his sin; David for Absolom).

· There are times when God was angry at the children of Israel’s weeping (Where is our meat! Numbers 4:11-12).

· Sampson’s wife used weeping to trick him (Judges 14:16).

· People wept when saying goodbye (Naomi; David and Jonathan).

· People wept over sickness (Hezekiah - God gave him longer life).

· People wept over disappointments (Nehemiah at Jerusalem’s desolation; Temple not as grand as Solomon’s; Job’s friends at his unrecognizable appearance)

· People wept over sin (Ezrah 10:1; Joel 2:17)

· Jeremiah was the weeping prophet (Jeremiah 9:1; 13:17).

· Although Jesus most often wept because of the spiritual condition of others, it does appear that His sorrow for Lazarus was the sorrow of humanity's experience of loss.

Different societies have more acceptable and less acceptable ways to show the emotion of crying in different scenarios. And different personalities are more or less comfortable with these societal normalities. Societies usually find some weeping wrong (also in Scripture - because it shows what you value, not just the emotion) … If you disagree, consider a professional baseball player crying when someone hits his fastball. We would think that strange, even though he may be sad, we consider it unusual to show that emotion through tears in that setting. Time is called by a referee when a person is injured physically. But there is not usually a stoppage in play because a player has begun to cry when being hurt emotionally through mean jesting or bullying. When someone drops their food, they may be sad, but unless they are a three year old child, most societies consider this something that is sad but not cried over.

Crying it is definitely not a bad expression of sadness to be avoided, but a normal human expression of sadness given to help the person recover from their pain or loss during the correct situations… What is the correct timing and occasion for crying? Good discussion question. It should come down to what we are valuing in life. What is considered a loss? What do we treasure?

Weeping is not bad. But, also, it is not bad to want not to weep (does that need to be said?) As the Psalmist looks to the Lord to help him and sustain him, he is thankful that God turned his mourning into dancing and sadness into joy (Psalm 30:11) / See in contrast Job 30:31 where God turned his singing into weeping.

Observation 14

Of course, emotions overlap. The word regret in Hebrew is close to grieve and unconsoled. The same word in a different form means to console or comfort. Regrets often cause sadness. What do we regret? and how can we temper our aspirations and goals to be what is feasible for us. Other items of regret stem not from “hope deferred,” but difficulties and tragedies of life. These regrets are best taken in light of the sovereign, all-powerful, loving hand of God.

The ways people consoled themselves of their regret were not always appropriate (Esau - I’m comforted in my dad’s death by killing my brother, Jacob).

When older, Jacob refused to be comforted after his son was supposedly dead.

Observation 15

I realize that Elijah is an often used case study of depression/sadness and over-exhaustion. But Psalm 43 is also a great example. Here, the Psalmist is reasoning with himself going through his emotions, and trying to get on the right footing. Why I am doing this? Why don’t I hope in God? Why am I sad? First, he wonders why God has allowed the saddening conditions, and then he gets around to praising God in spite of the circumstances if he is able to be with God in His presence,

“Why are you in despair, O my soul? And why are you disturbed within me? Hope in God, for I shall again praise Him, The help of my countenance and my God” (Ps. 43:5).

Observation 16

A primary purpose to see an end of our sorrow and sadness is that we may be able to praise. Lord, take away my sadness, that I may, with unfeigned heart, sing Your praise. Psalm 30:11 is great here:

“You have turned for me my mourning into dancing;

You have loosed my sackcloth and girded me with gladness,

That my soul may sing praise to You and not be silent.

O LORD my God, I will give thanks to You forever.”

(Ps. 30:11-12 NAU)

Observation 17

Not sure we can find a more gripping biblical description of sadness than Job. Elijah may have suffered depression, but Job, the life-crippling effects of sadness because of life’s horrible situations.

27 "I am seething within and cannot relax; Days of affliction confront me.

28 "I go about mourning without comfort; I stand up in the assembly and cry out for help.

29 "I have become a brother to jackals And a companion of ostriches.

30 "My skin turns black on me, And my bones burn with fever.

31 "Therefore my harp is turned to mourning, And my flute to the sound of those who weep. (Job 30:27-31 NAU)

Many important points jump out from the above passage. One that we should not overlook is that he asked for help in the congregation. When someone asks for help and is sad, we must help, sit, listen, strengthen to relax their burden. But then be careful to let Job regain his footing when he has regained his footing. We do not continue to treat him as sad when the sadness has left (may take months or years… or hours).

In Romans 12:15, we are commanded to weep with those who weep.

Observation 18

An interesting Hebrew word that is translate grieve at times actually refers to a funeral dirge (David 2x and Jeremiah used this.) The Greek equivalent may have referred to those who did this professionally - so perhaps the culture took it to an unhealthy extent (thraneo, Matthew 11:17).

I’m not sure we do this well in our culture, except more broadly in hero-type ballads. I remember reading Fanny Crosby writing poems like this in some of her works. Writing a poem that remembers the person who has died and our appreciation of them is a good idea.

Observation 19

Not sure what to do with this, but several of the Hebrew words for morning and sadness refer to noise of groaning, or wailing, the word for a mumble (used positively as meditation), and even speaking a funeral dirge. Perhaps this culture knew well how to vent the emotion of sorrow.

Observation 20

Sadness is beneficial when it works repentance in us. When we are warned of sin, and turn in sorrow to the Gospel and to Gospel power to change. This was a major idea in 2 Corinthians. Paul made them sorrowful but it was in order that they might repent. When they repented there was a positive result to their sadness.

Both Peter and Judas had remorse and tears. But Peter repented in heart to change his ways, Judas remorse and ended his ways.

Observation 21

God is saddened, grieved at our sin (Ephesians 4:30).

Observation 22

I don’t believe that Jesus is speaking in hyperbole when He says His sorrow at the cross might have killed Him. There are occasions that so severely affect our emotions that we can suffer physically. “Died of a broken heart” (Matthew 26:37-38).

Then He said to them, "My soul is deeply grieved, to the point of death; remain here and keep watch with Me." (Matt. 26:38 NAU)

Observation 23

There is an interesting word in Greek that is translated sad or distressed and it has reference to not being at home or comfortable. Literally, not a part of the group. So, when we go through changes of environment, friends, or associates, we may find ourselves sad. Change, broken relationships are all part of this.

Observation 24

When we find an interesting picture of a woman who washes Jesus’ feet with her hair (something totally unacceptable in polite society in His day). He does not chastise her, but understands her heart is deeply grieved over her sin so that her tears are great. This is a response to our sorrow over sin. We cry because of our sins, and we worship Jesus for His mercy (Luke 7:32).

Observation 25

The closest we get to a rebuke for someone weeping being considered “unspiritual” is when the Ephesian elders meet with Paul and know that he is going to what might be his death by persecution. Paul responds, “yeah, so what! I’m ready to be bound and to die for Christ! That would be an honor, not a horror!” And so there is something of a rebuke for their tears (Acts 21:13). “Don’t you know my life is about death anyway?”

Observation 26

Although we grieve the loss of a loved one, in the church, we have a different level of grieving that understands that our loss is only a temporary loss. It is still sadness. It is still grieving. But it is not a hopeless grieving. It is a grief with the knowledge of eternity underneath.

Observation 27

A couple concluding thoughts on the word synonyms of the Hebrew and Greek:

There are many similarities between OT words and their NT counterparts. This shows the tie between OT and NT culture.
Many of these synonyms are used interchangeably and often used together.
The words categorize easily between words that describe the feeling of sadness within someone and the expression of the sadness without the person.

Observation 28

An interesting circumstance in Ecclesiastes 2:20. Solomon despaired once he had everything and found that only God and living out His good gifts can keep us from the sadness of despair.

Observation 29

There are so many biblical examples of sadness in the Bible that we might do better to find examples of characters whose times of sadness are not recorded in Scripture. But I find these especially helpful: Elijah, Solomon in Ecclesiastes, Job, David and the Psalms, Our Lord, Judas and Peter, Paul and the Corinthian Church.

Observation 30

It is helpful to consider the occasions where sadness is recorded positively and when negatively to point to the things that should warrant our sadness and conversely, the things that should not bring sadness.

Occasions of Sadness in the Bible (Considered Positive Reason for Sadness)

Sadness over other’s sin (Ezra 10:6; Neh 8:9; Daniel 10:2; Matthew 26:75; 2 Corinthians 2:4; One would deny Jesus - Mark 14:19).
Sadness over our sin (John 21:17; Mark 14:72; Luke 7:38)
Weeping over the loss of a child (Gen 21:16; Matthew 2:18; Mark 5:38 … and yet, why weep/mourn if only sick 5:39).
Not being able to have a child, could be applied to some other blessing left unfulfilled in life (1 Samuel 1:8).
Personal rejection in relationships (2 Samuel 13:37; Isaiah 54:6).
Weeping over the loss of another close family member or friend (Most common use Genesis 50:10; Dt 34:8; 1 Samuel 25:1; John 11:33-35; John 20:11; Acts 9:39).
God’s judgement (Jeremiah 6:26; Hosea 4:3; Amos 5:16 - a common theme in prophets… similar idea to grief of sin.)
Not being able to find justice; witnessing injustice (Isaiah 59:11; Matthew 18:31)
Trials that we face (Opposition - Esther; every place destruction and misery - Job 30:31; persecution 1 Peter 1:6).
Jesus facing death on the cross (Mathew 26:38).
False teaching (Philippians 3:18).
Hearing of Jesus’ pending death and death (Matthew 17:23; Zechariah 12:10).
Regret over a hasty oath (Matthew 14:9).
Regret over a person's infidelity (1 Cor)

Occasions of Sadness in the Bible (Considered A Negative Reason for Sadness)

Esau? He wept, but he had sold his birthright (Genesis 27:38).
Children of Israel complaining about what God provided to eat (Numbers 11:10).
Elijah’s feeling of standing alone (1 Kings 19:13).
Being asked to give up wealth (considered negatively… person should have been willing to give up wealth Mark 10:22; Luke 18:23-24).
Regret for someone having to give up their life for the Gospel (Paul, considering the honor to suffer for the Gospel - Acts 21:13).
At the lack of opportunity to sin (Revelation 18:9).

Part 2: Primary words and their text in Scripture Old Testament and New Testament

Primary Old Testament Words and Phrases

אָדַב

Brown Driver Briggs - “b. Grieve”

NAU 1 Samuel 2:33 'Yet I will not cut off every man of yours from My altar so that your eyes will fail from weeping and your soul grieve, and all the increase of your house will die in the prime of life.

NAU 1 Samuel 16:1 Now the LORD said to Samuel, "How long will you grieve over Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and go; I will send you to Jesse the Bethlehemite, for I have selected a king for Myself among his sons."

‎פְּנֵיכֶ֥ם רָעִ֖ים

Tim - Literally bad/evil face. Has reference to the countenance or face being sad.

NAU Genesis 40:7 He asked Pharaoh's officials who were with him in confinement in his master's house, "Why are your faces so sad today?"

NAU 1 Samuel 1:18 She said, "Let your maidservant find favor in your sight." So the woman went her way and ate, and her face was no longer sad.

NAU Nehemiah 2:1 And it came about in the month Nisan, in the twentieth year of King Artaxerxes, that wine was before him, and I took up the wine and gave it to the king. Now I had not been sad in his presence.

NAU Nehemiah 2:2 So the king said to me, "Why is your face sad though you are not sick? This is nothing but sadness of heart." Then I was very much afraid.

NAU Nehemiah 2:3 I said to the king, "Let the king live forever. Why should my face not be sad when the city, the place of my fathers' tombs, lies desolate and its gates have been consumed by fire?"

NAU Job 9:27 "Though I say, 'I will forget my complaint, I will leave off my sad countenance and be cheerful,' (Bad is left out but implied to the opposite of gleaming… interesting that the opposite of the sad face is the gleaming face, and that Job considers faking it.)

‎יֵרַ֣ע לְבָבֵ֑ךְ

Tim - Literally bad/evil heart. Has reference to the heart or inner being of the person being in a bad place. Sadness hurts on the inside and is reflected on the face (see above).

NAU Deuteronomy 15:10 "You shall generously give to him, and your heart shall not be grieved when you give to him, because for this thing the LORD your God will bless you in all your work and in all your undertakings.

NAU 1 Samuel 1:8 Then Elkanah her husband said to her, "Hannah, why do you weep and why do you not eat and why is your heart sad? Am I not better to you than ten sons?"

‎וּבְעַצְּבַת־לֵ֜ב (‎וַיִּתְעַצֵּ֖ב אֶל־לִב)

Similar to the “evil/bad heart'' above is sick or broken heart. The inner hurt of the person in pain, not in body but in spirit. This is also sadness.

NAU Genesis 6:6 The LORD was sorry that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart.

NAU Proverbs 15:13 A joyful heart makes a cheerful face, But when the heart is sad, the spirit is broken.

‎וַעֲצ֥וּבַת ר֖וּחַ

Tim - Just like hardship of heart above, and hardship below is hardship of spirit… pain of spirit.

NAU Isaiah 54:6 "For the LORD has called you, Like a wife forsaken and grieved in spirit, Even like a wife of one's youth when she is rejected," Says your God.

עֶצֶב

Holladay - “1. hardship, pain” (this is often connected with heart as above, but at times, on its own)

NAU Genesis 45:5 "Now do not be grieved or angry with yourselves, because you sold me here, for God sent me before you to preserve life.

NAU 1 Samuel 20:3 Yet David vowed again, saying, "Your father knows well that I have found favor in your sight, and he has said, 'Do not let Jonathan know this, or he will be grieved.' But truly as the LORD lives and as your soul lives, there is hardly a step between me and death."

NAU 1 Samuel 20:34 Then Jonathan arose from the table in fierce anger, and did not eat food on the second day of the new moon, for he was grieved over David because his father had dishonored him.

Nehemiah 8:10 Then he said to them, "Go, eat of the fat, drink of the sweet, and send portions to him who has nothing prepared; for this day is holy to our Lord. Do not be grieved, for the joy of the LORD is your strength."

NAU Nehemiah 8:11 So the Levites calmed all the people, saying, "Be still, for the day is holy; do not be grieved."

NAU Psalm 78:40 How often they rebelled against Him in the wilderness And grieved Him in the desert!

9 In all their affliction He was afflicted, And the angel of His presence saved them; In His love and in His mercy He redeemed them, And He lifted them and carried them all the days of old.

10 But they rebelled And grieved His Holy Spirit; Therefore He turned Himself to become their enemy, He fought against them.

כַּ֫עַס

Holladay - 1. of man: a) irritation, anger b) provocation 2. of God: a) irritation, anger b) provocation

NAU Ecclesiastes 7:3 Sorrow is better than laughter, For when a face is sad a heart may be happy.

נוד

Holladay - “1. sway back & forth e*arth, like a hut) Is 24₂₀; — 2. shake (in disapproval, disdain), w. b® about (s.one) Je 48₂₇ Ps 64₉; — 3. lament, bemoan one’s fate Je 31₁₈.”

Tim - See below, pictured in shaking head disgusted. Also, a reed shaken back and forth in the wind. There is a physical sway of head or body in the grieved… or even metaphysically speaking of being battered about in grief… shaken.

Job 2:11 Now when Job's three friends heard of all this adversity that had come upon him, they came each one from his own place, Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite; and they made an appointment together to come to sympathize with him and comfort him.

NAU Psalm 69:20 Reproach has broken my heart and I am so sick. And I looked for sympathy, but there was none, And for comforters, but I found none.

NAU Job 2:11 Now when Job's three friends heard of all this adversity that had come upon him, they came each one from his own place, Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite and Zophar the Naamathite; and they made an appointment together to come to sympathize with him and comfort him.

Psalm 56:8 You have taken account of my wanderings; Put my tears in Your bottle. Are they not in Your book?

NAU Isaiah 51:19 These two things have befallen you; Who will mourn for you? The devastation and destruction, famine and sword; How shall I comfort you?

Jeremiah 15:5 "Indeed, who will have pity on you, O Jerusalem, Or who will mourn for you, Or who will turn aside to ask about your welfare?

NAU Jeremiah 16:5 For thus says the LORD, "Do not enter a house of mourning, or go to lament or to console them; for I have withdrawn My peace from this people," declares the LORD, "My lovingkindness and compassion.

Jeremiah 18:16 To make their land a desolation, An object of perpetual hissing; Everyone who passes by it will be astonished And shake his head.

NAU Jeremiah 22:10 Do not weep for the dead or mourn for him, But weep continually for the one who goes away; For he will never return Or see his native land.

Jeremiah 31:18 "I have surely heard Ephraim grieving, 'You have chastised me, and I was chastised, Like an untrained calf; Bring me back that I may be restored, For You are the LORD my God.

Jeremiah 48:17 "Mourn for him, all you who live around him, Even all of you who know his name; Say, 'How has the mighty scepter been broken, A staff of splendor!'

NAU Nahum 3:7 "And it will come about that all who see you Will shrink from you and say, 'Nineveh is devastated! Who will grieve for her?' Where will I seek comforters for you?"

אָבַל

Holladay - Mourn.

Tim - Most often mourning that has to do with death. Notable exceptions had to do with sin: - Samuel’s sadness when not able to help Saul anymore because of Saul’s rebellion. Israel’s sorrow and desire to move back to fight when they were no longer able to take the land in response to listening to the spies that had an evil report; Ezra’s mourning over the sins of those who remained in the land while he was in exile.

There is an interesting reference in Micah 1:8 that gives a picture of the sound made in mourning. As an ostridge in mourning. I think I can imagine the call of a large bird that would sound like an aerie, no holding back type of cry.

NAU Genesis 27:41 So Esau bore a grudge against Jacob because of the blessing with which his father had blessed him; and Esau said to himself, "The days of mourning for my father are near; then I will kill my brother Jacob."

NAU Deuteronomy 34:8 So the sons of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days; then the days of weeping and mourning for Moses came to an end. (Deut. 34:8 NAU)

Genesis 37:35 Then all his sons and all his daughters arose to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted. And he said, "Surely I will go down to Sheol in mourning for my son." So his father wept for him.

NAU Genesis 50:10 When they came to the threshing floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, they lamented there with a very great and sorrowful lamentation; and he observed seven days mourning for his father. Now when the inhabitants of the land, the Canaanites, saw the mourning at the threshing floor of Atad, they said, "This is a grievous mourning for the Egyptians." Therefore it was named Abel-mizraim, which is beyond the Jordan.

Exodus 33:4 When the people heard this sad word, they went into mourning, and none of them put on his ornaments.

NAU Numbers 14:39 When Moses spoke these words to all the sons of Israel, the people mourned greatly.

NAU Deuteronomy 34:8 So the sons of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days; then the days of weeping and mourning for Moses came to an end.

NAU 1 Samuel 15:35 Samuel did not see Saul again until the day of his death; for Samuel grieved over Saul. And the LORD regretted that He had made Saul king over Israel.

NAU 2 Samuel 13:37 Now Absalom fled and went to Talmai the son of Ammihud, the king of Geshur. And David mourned for his son every day.

NAU 2 Samuel 14:2 So Joab sent to Tekoa and brought a wise woman from there and said to her, "Please pretend to be a mourner, and put on mourning garments now, and do not anoint yourself with oil, but be like a woman who has been mourning for the dead many days;

NAU 2 Samuel 19:1 Then it was told Joab, "Behold, the king is weeping and mourns for Absalom." The victory that day was turned to mourning for all the people, for the people heard it said that day, "The king is grieved for his son."

NAU 2 Samuel 19:2 The victory that day was turned to mourning for all the people, for the people heard it said that day, "The king is grieved for his son."

NAU 1 Chronicles 7:22 Their father Ephraim mourned many days, and his relatives came to comfort him. (1 Chr. 7:22 NAU)

NAU 2 Chronicles 35:24 So his servants took him out of the chariot and carried him in the second chariot which he had, and brought him to Jerusalem where he died and was buried in the tombs of his fathers. All Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah.

NAU Ezra 10:6 Then Ezra rose from before the house of God and went into the chamber of Jehohanan the son of Eliashib. Although he went there, he did not eat bread nor drink water, for he was mourning over the unfaithfulness of the exiles.

NAU Nehemiah 1:4 When I heard these words, I sat down and wept and mourned for days; and I was fasting and praying before the God of heaven.

NAU Nehemiah 8:9 Then Nehemiah, who was the governor, and Ezra the priest and scribe, and the Levites who taught the people said to all the people, "This day is holy to the LORD your God; do not mourn or weep." For all the people were weeping when they heard the words of the law.

NAU Esther 4:3 In each and every province where the command and decree of the king came, there was great mourning among the Jews, with fasting, weeping and wailing; and many lay on sackcloth and ashes.

NAU Esther 6:12 Then Mordecai returned to the king's gate. But Haman hurried home, mourning, with his head covered.

NAU Esther 9:22 because on those days the Jews rid themselves of their enemies, and it was a month which was turned for them from sorrow into gladness and from mourning into a holiday; that they should make them days of feasting and rejoicing and sending portions of food to one another and gifts to the poor.

NAU Job 14:22 "But his body pains him, And he mourns only for himself."

NAU Job 29:25 "I chose a way for them and sat as chief, And dwelt as a king among the troops, As one who comforted the mourners.

NAU Job 30:31 "Therefore my harp is turned to mourning, And my flute to the sound of those who weep.

NAU Psalm 35:14 I went about as though it were my friend or brother; I bowed down mourning, as one who sorrows for a mother.

NAU Ecclesiastes 7:2 It is better to go to a house of mourning Than to go to a house of feasting, Because that is the end of every man, And the living takes it to heart.

NAU Ecclesiastes 7:4 The mind of the wise is in the house of mourning, While the mind of fools is in the house of pleasure.

NAU Isaiah 3:26 And her gates will lament and mourn, And deserted she will sit on the ground.

NAU Isaiah 19:8 And the fishermen will lament, And all those who cast a line into the Nile will mourn, And those who spread nets on the waters will pine away.

NAU Isaiah 24:4 The earth mourns and withers, the world fades and withers, the exalted of the people of the earth fade away.

NAU Isaiah 24:7 The new wine mourns, The vine decays, All the merry-hearted sigh.

NAU Isaiah 33:9 The land mourns and pines away, Lebanon is shamed and withers; Sharon is like a desert plain, And Bashan and Carmel lose their foliage.

NAU Isaiah 57:18 "I have seen his ways, but I will heal him; I will lead him and restore comfort to him and to his mourners,

NAU Isaiah 60:20 "Your sun will no longer set, Nor will your moon wane; For you will have the LORD for an everlasting light, And the days of your mourning will be over.

NAU Isaiah 61:1 The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon me, Because the LORD has anointed me To bring good news to the afflicted; He has sent me to bind up the brokenhearted, To proclaim liberty to captives And freedom to prisoners; 2 To proclaim the favorable year of the LORD And the day of vengeance of our God; To comfort all who mourn, 3 To grant those who mourn in Zion, Giving them a garland instead of ashes, The oil of gladness instead of mourning, The mantle of praise instead of a spirit of fainting. So they will be called oaks of righteousness, The planting of the LORD, that He may be glorified.

NAU Isaiah 66:10 "Be joyful with Jerusalem and rejoice for her, all you who love her; Be exceedingly glad with her, all you who mourn over her,

NAU Jeremiah 4:28 "For this the earth shall mourn And the heavens above be dark, Because I have spoken, I have purposed, And I will not change My mind, nor will I turn from it."

NAU Jeremiah 6:26 O daughter of my people, put on sackcloth And roll in ashes; Mourn as for an only son, A lamentation most bitter. For suddenly the destroyer Will come upon us.

NAU Jeremiah 12:4 How long is the land to mourn And the vegetation of the countryside to wither? For the wickedness of those who dwell in it, Animals and birds have been snatched away, Because men have said, "He will not see our latter ending."

NAU Jeremiah 12:11 "It has been made a desolation, Desolate, it mourns before Me; The whole land has been made desolate, Because no man lays it to heart.

NAU Jeremiah 14:2 "Judah mourns And her gates languish; They sit on the ground in mourning, And the cry of Jerusalem has ascended.

Jeremiah 16:7 "Men will not break bread in mourning for them, to comfort anyone for the dead, nor give them a cup of consolation to drink for anyone's father or mother. (Jer. 16:7 NAU)

NAU Jeremiah 23:10 For the land is full of adulterers; For the land mourns because of the curse. The pastures of the wilderness have dried up. Their course also is evil And their might is not right.

NAU Jeremiah 31:13 "Then the virgin will rejoice in the dance, And the young men and the old, together, For I will turn their mourning into joy And will comfort them and give them joy for their sorrow.

NAU Lamentations 1:4 The roads of Zion are in mourning Because no one comes to the appointed feasts. All her gates are desolate; Her priests are groaning, Her virgins are afflicted, And she herself is bitter.

NAU Lamentations 2:8 The LORD determined to destroy The wall of the daughter of Zion. He has stretched out a line, He has not restrained His hand from destroying, And He has caused rampart and wall to lament; They have languished together.

NAU Lamentations 5:15 The joy of our hearts has ceased; Our dancing has been turned into mourning.

NAU Ezekiel 7:12 'The time has come, the day has arrived. Let not the buyer rejoice nor the seller mourn; for wrath is against all their multitude.

NAU Ezekiel 7:27 'The king will mourn, the prince will be clothed with horror, and the hands of the people of the land will tremble. According to their conduct I will deal with them, and by their judgments I will judge them. And they will know that I am the LORD.'"

NAU Ezekiel 24:17 "Groan silently; make no mourning for the dead. Bind on your turban and put your shoes on your feet, and do not cover your mustache and do not eat the bread of men."

NAU Ezekiel 31:15 'Thus says the Lord GOD, "On the day when it went down to Sheol I caused lamentations; I closed the deep over it and held back its rivers. And its many waters were stopped up, and I made Lebanon mourn for it, and all the trees of the field wilted away on account of it.

NAU Daniel 10:2 In those days, I, Daniel, had been mourning for three entire weeks.

NAU Hosea 4:3 Therefore the land mourns, And everyone who lives in it languishes Along with the beasts of the field and the birds of the sky, And also the fish of the sea disappear.

NAU Hosea 10:5 The inhabitants of Samaria will fear For the calf of Beth-aven. Indeed, its people will mourn for it, And its idolatrous priests will cry out over it, Over its glory, since it has departed from it.

NAU Joel 1:9 The grain offering and the drink offering are cut off From the house of the LORD. The priests mourn, The ministers of the LORD. Joel 1:10 The field is ruined, The land mourns; For the grain is ruined, The new wine dries up, Fresh oil fails.

NAU Amos 1:2 He said, "The LORD roars from Zion And from Jerusalem He utters His voice; And the shepherds' pasture grounds mourn, And the summit of Carmel dries up." NAU Amos 5:16 Therefore thus says the LORD God of hosts, the Lord, "There is wailing in all the plazas, And in all the streets they say, 'Alas! Alas!' They also call the farmer to mourning And professional mourners to lamentation.

NAU Amos 8:8 "Because of this will not the land quake And everyone who dwells in it mourn? Indeed, all of it will rise up like the Nile, And it will be tossed about And subside like the Nile of Egypt.

NAU Amos 8:10 "Then I will turn your festivals into mourning And all your songs into lamentation; And I will bring sackcloth on everyone's loins And baldness on every head. And I will make it like a time of mourning for an only son, And the end of it will be like a bitter day.

NAU Amos 9:5 The Lord GOD of hosts, The One who touches the land so that it melts, And all those who dwell in it mourn, And all of it rises up like the Nile And subsides like the Nile of Egypt;

NAU Micah 1:8 Because of this I must lament and wail, I must go barefoot and naked; I must make a lament like the jackals And a mourning like the ostriches.

עגם

Halladay - Show pity

NAU Job 30:25 "Have I not wept for the one whose life is hard? Was not my soul grieved for the needy?

סָפַד

Holladay - “1. beat the breast (as sign of mourning) † Is 3212; — 2. sound a lament,”

NAU Genesis 23:2 Sarah died in Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan; and Abraham went in to mourn for Sarah and to weep for her.

Genesis 50:10 When they came to the threshing floor of Atad, which is beyond the Jordan, they lamented there with a very great and sorrowful lamentation; and he observed seven days mourning for his father.

NAU 1 Samuel 25:1 Then Samuel died; and all Israel gathered together and mourned for him, and buried him at his house in Ramah. And David arose and went down to the wilderness of Paran.

NAU 2 Samuel 1:12 They mourned and wept and fasted until evening for Saul and his son Jonathan and for the people of the LORD and the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword.

NAU 2 Samuel 3:31 Then David said to Joab and to all the people who were with him, "Tear your clothes and gird on sackcloth and lament before Abner." And King David walked behind the bier.

NAU 2 Samuel 11:26 Now when the wife of Uriah heard that Uriah her husband was dead, she mourned for her husband.

NAU 1 Kings 13:29 So the prophet took up the body of the man of God and laid it on the donkey and brought it back, and he came to the city of the old prophet to mourn and to bury him.

NAU 1 Kings 14:13 "All Israel shall mourn for him and bury him, for he alone of Jeroboam's family will come to the grave, because in him something good was found toward the LORD God of Israel in the house of Jeroboam.

NAU 1 Kings 14:18 All Israel buried him and mourned for him, according to the word of the LORD which He spoke through His servant Ahijah the prophet.

NAU Psalm 30:11 You have turned for me my mourning into dancing; You have loosed my sackcloth and girded me with gladness, (Ps. 30:11 NAU)

NAU Ecclesiastes 3:4 A time to weep and a time to laugh; A time to mourn and a time to dance.

NAU Ecclesiastes 12:5 Furthermore, men are afraid of a high place and of terrors on the road; the almond tree blossoms, the grasshopper drags himself along, and the caperberry is ineffective. For man goes to his eternal home while mourners go about in the street.

NAU Isaiah 32:12 Beat your breasts for the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine,

NAU Jeremiah 4:8 "For this, put on sackcloth, Lament and wail; For the fierce anger of the LORD Has not turned back from us."

NAU Jeremiah 22:18 Therefore thus says the LORD in regard to Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, "They will not lament for him: 'Alas, my brother!' or, 'Alas, sister!' They will not lament for him: 'Alas for the master!' or, 'Alas for his splendor!'

NAU Jeremiah 25:33 "Those slain by the LORD on that day will be from one end of the earth to the other. They will not be lamented, gathered or buried; they will be like dung on the face of the ground.

NAU Jeremiah 49:3 "Wail, O Heshbon, for Ai has been destroyed! Cry out, O daughters of Rabbah, Gird yourselves with sackcloth and lament, And rush back and forth inside the walls; For Malcam will go into exile Together with his priests and his princes.

NAU Ezekiel 24:16 "Son of man, behold, I am about to take from you the desire of your eyes with a blow; but you shall not mourn and you shall not weep, and your tears shall not come.

NAU Ezekiel 24:23 'Your turbans will be on your heads and your shoes on your feet. You will not mourn and you will not weep, but you will rot away in your iniquities and you will groan to one another.

NAU Joel 1:13 Gird yourselves with sackcloth And lament, O priests; Wail, O ministers of the altar! Come, spend the night in sackcloth O ministers of my God, For the grain offering and the drink offering Are withheld from the house of your God.

NAU Micah 1:8 Because of this I must lament and wail, I must go barefoot and naked; I must make a lament like the jackals And a mourning like the ostriches.

NAU Zechariah 7:5 "Say to all the people of the land and to the priests, 'When you fasted and mourned in the fifth and seventh months these seventy years, was it actually for Me that you fasted?

Zechariah 12:10 "I will pour out on the house of David and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the Spirit of grace and of supplication, so that they will look on Me whom they have pierced; and they will mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only son, and they will weep bitterly over Him like the bitter weeping over a firstborn.

NAU Zechariah 12:12 "The land will mourn, every family by itself; the family of the house of David by itself and their wives by themselves; the family of the house of Nathan by itself and their wives by themselves;

בָּכָה

Holladay - “1. weep, abs. Gn 33₄ & oft.; observe mourning rites Zc 7₃; ±al-p¹n¹yw before him 2K 13₁₄, l® for s.one Je 22₁₀; as greeting Gn 29₁₁; — 2. w. acc. bewail Gn 23₂; cogn. acc. 2K 20₃.”

Tim - Other Hebrew words are more serious, this is more like our concept of crying in English. Weeping. Even weeping for joy.

NAU Gen. 21:16 Then she went and sat down opposite him, about a bowshot away, for she said, "Do not let me see the boy die." And she sat opposite him, and lifted up her voice and wept.

NAU Gen. 23:2 Sarah died in Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the land of Canaan; and Abraham went in to mourn for Sarah and to weep for her.

NAU Gen. 27:38 Esau said to his father, "Do you have only one blessing, my father? Bless me, even me also, O my father." So Esau lifted his voice and wept.

NAU Gen. 29:11 Then Jacob kissed Rachel, and lifted his voice and wept.

NAU Gen. 33:4 Then Esau ran to meet him and embraced him, and fell on his neck and kissed him, and they wept.

NAU Gen. 37:35 Then all his sons and all his daughters arose to comfort him, but he refused to be comforted. And he said, "Surely I will go down to Sheol in mourning for my son." So his father wept for him.

NAU Gen. 42:24 He turned away from them and wept. But when he returned to them and spoke to them, he took Simeon from them and bound him before their eyes.

NAU Gen. 43:30 Joseph hurried out for he was deeply stirred over his brother, and he sought a place to weep; and he entered his chamber and wept there.

NAU Gen. 45:14 Then he fell on his brother Benjamin's neck and wept, and Benjamin wept on his neck.

NAU Gen. 45:15 He kissed all his brothers and wept on them, and afterward his brothers talked with him.

NAU Gen. 46:29 Joseph prepared his chariot and went up to Goshen to meet his father Israel; as soon as he appeared before him, he fell on his neck and wept on his neck a long time.

NAU Gen. 50:1 Then Joseph fell on his father's face, and wept over him and kissed him.

NAU Gen. 50:3 Now forty days were required for it, for such is the period required for embalming. And the Egyptians wept for him seventy days.

NAU Gen. 50:17 'Thus you shall say to Joseph, "Please forgive, I beg you, the transgression of your brothers and their sin, for they did you wrong."' And now, please forgive the transgression of the servants of the God of your father." And Joseph wept when they spoke to him.

NAU Exod. 2:6 When she opened it, she saw the child, and behold, the boy was crying. And she had pity on him and said, "This is one of the Hebrews' children."

NAU Lev. 10:6 Then Moses said to Aaron and to his sons Eleazar and Ithamar, "Do not uncover your heads nor tear your clothes, so that you will not die and that He will not become wrathful against all the congregation. But your kinsmen, the whole house of Israel, shall bewail the burning which the LORD has brought about.

NAU Num. 11:4 The rabble who were among them had greedy desires; and also the sons of Israel wept again and said, "Who will give us meat to eat?

NAU Num. 11:10 Now Moses heard the people weeping throughout their families, each man at the doorway of his tent; and the anger of the LORD was kindled greatly, and Moses was displeased.

NAU Num. 11:13 "Where am I to get meat to give to all this people? For they weep before me, saying, 'Give us meat that we may eat!'

NAU Num. 11:18 "Say to the people, 'Consecrate yourselves for tomorrow, and you shall eat meat; for you have wept in the ears of the LORD, saying, "Oh that someone would give us meat to eat! For we were well-off in Egypt." Therefore the LORD will give you meat and you shall eat.

NAU Num. 11:20 but a whole month, until it comes out of your nostrils and becomes loathsome to you; because you have rejected the LORD who is among you and have wept before Him, saying, "Why did we ever leave Egypt?"'"

NAU Num. 14:1 Then all the congregation lifted up their voices and cried, and the people wept that night.

NAU Num. 20:29 When all the congregation saw that Aaron had died, all the house of Israel wept for Aaron thirty days.

NAU Num. 25:6 Then behold, one of the sons of Israel came and brought to his relatives a Midianite woman, in the sight of Moses and in the sight of all the congregation of the sons of Israel, while they were weeping at the doorway of the tent of meeting.

NAU Deut. 1:45 "Then you returned and wept before the LORD; but the LORD did not listen to your voice nor give ear to you.

NAU Deut. 21:13 "She shall also remove the clothes of her captivity and shall remain in your house, and mourn her father and mother a full month; and after that you may go in to her and be her husband and she shall be your wife.

NAU Deut. 34:8 So the sons of Israel wept for Moses in the plains of Moab thirty days; then the days of weeping and mourning for Moses came to an end.

NAU Jdg. 2:4 When the angel of the LORD spoke these words to all the sons of Israel, the people lifted up their voices and wept.

NAU Jdg. 11:37 She said to her father, "Let this thing be done for me; let me alone two months, that I may go to the mountains and weep because of my virginity, I and my companions."

NAU Jdg. 11:38 Then he said, "Go." So he sent her away for two months; and she left with her companions, and wept on the mountains because of her virginity.

NAU Jdg. 14:16 Samson's wife wept before him and said, "You only hate me, and you do not love me; you have propounded a riddle to the sons of my people, and have not told it to me." And he said to her, "Behold, I have not told it to my father or mother; so should I tell you?"

NAU Jdg. 14:17 However she wept before him seven days while their feast lasted. And on the seventh day he told her because she pressed him so hard. She then told the riddle to the sons of her people.

NAU Jdg. 20:23 The sons of Israel went up and wept before the LORD until evening, and inquired of the LORD, saying, "Shall we again draw near for battle against the sons of my brother Benjamin?" And the LORD said, "Go up against him."

NAU Jdg. 20:26 Then all the sons of Israel and all the people went up and came to Bethel and wept; thus they remained there before the LORD and fasted that day until evening. And they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD.

NAU Jdg. 21:2 So the people came to Bethel and sat there before God until evening, and lifted up their voices and wept bitterly.

NAU Ruth 1:9 "May the LORD grant that you may find rest, each in the house of her husband." Then she kissed them, and they lifted up their voices and wept.

NAU Ruth 1:14 And they lifted up their voices and wept again; and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law, but Ruth clung to her.

NAU 1 Sam. 1:7 It happened year after year, as often as she went up to the house of the LORD, she would provoke her; so she wept and would not eat.

NAU 1 Sam. 1:8 Then Elkanah her husband said to her, "Hannah, why do you weep and why do you not eat and why is your heart sad? Am I not better to you than ten sons?"

NAU 1 Sam. 1:10 She, greatly distressed, prayed to the LORD and wept bitterly.

NAU 1 Sam. 11:4 Then the messengers came to Gibeah of Saul and spoke these words in the hearing of the people, and all the people lifted up their voices and wept.

NAU 1 Sam. 11:5 Now behold, Saul was coming from the field behind the oxen, and he said, "What is the matter with the people that they weep?" So they related to him the words of the men of Jabesh.

NAU 1 Sam. 20:41 When the lad was gone, David rose from the south side and fell on his face to the ground, and bowed three times. And they kissed each other and wept together, but David wept the more.

NAU 1 Sam. 24:16 When David had finished speaking these words to Saul, Saul said, "Is this your voice, my son David?" Then Saul lifted up his voice and wept.

NAU 1 Sam. 30:4 Then David and the people who were with him lifted their voices and wept until there was no strength in them to weep.

NAU 2 Sam. 1:12 They mourned and wept and fasted until evening for Saul and his son Jonathan and for the people of the LORD and the house of Israel, because they had fallen by the sword.

NAU 2 Sam. 1:24 "O daughters of Israel, weep over Saul, Who clothed you luxuriously in scarlet, Who put ornaments of gold on your apparel.

NAU 2 Sam. 3:16 But her husband went with her, weeping as he went, and followed her as far as Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, "Go, return." So he returned.

NAU 2 Sam. 3:32 Thus they buried Abner in Hebron; and the king lifted up his voice and wept at the grave of Abner, and all the people wept.

NAU 2 Sam. 3:34 "Your hands were not bound, nor your feet put in fetters; As one falls before the wicked, you have fallen." And all the people wept again over him.

NAU 2 Sam. 12:21 Then his servants said to him, "What is this thing that you have done? While the child was alive, you fasted and wept; but when the child died, you arose and ate food."

NAU 2 Sam. 12:22 He said, "While the child was still alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, 'Who knows, the LORD may be gracious to me, that the child may live.'

NAU 2 Sam. 13:36 As soon as he had finished speaking, behold, the king's sons came and lifted their voices and wept; and also the king and all his servants wept very bitterly.

NAU 2 Sam. 15:23 While all the country was weeping with a loud voice, all the people passed over. The king also passed over the brook Kidron, and all the people passed over toward the way of the wilderness.

NAU 2 Sam. 15:30 And David went up the ascent of the Mount of Olives, and wept as he went, and his head was covered and he walked barefoot. Then all the people who were with him each covered his head and went up weeping as they went.

NAU 2 Sam. 18:33 The king was deeply moved and went up to the chamber over the gate and wept. And thus he said as he walked, "O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! Would I had died instead of you, O Absalom, my son, my son!"

NAU 2 Sam. 19:1 Then it was told Joab, "Behold, the king is weeping and mourns for Absalom."

NAU 2 Ki. 8:11 He fixed his gaze steadily on him until he was ashamed, and the man of God wept.

NAU 2 Ki. 8:12 Hazael said, "Why does my lord weep?" Then he answered, "Because I know the evil that you will do to the sons of Israel: their strongholds you will set on fire, and their young men you will kill with the sword, and their little ones you will dash in pieces, and their women with child you will rip up."

NAU 2 Ki. 13:14 When Elisha became sick with the illness of which he was to die, Joash the king of Israel came down to him and wept over him and said, "My father, my father, the chariots of Israel and its horsemen!"

NAU 2 Ki. 20:3 "Remember now, O LORD, I beseech You, how I have walked before You in truth and with a whole heart and have done what is good in Your sight." And Hezekiah wept bitterly.

NAU 2 Ki. 22:19 because your heart was tender and you humbled yourself before the LORD when you heard what I spoke against this place and against its inhabitants that they should become a desolation and a curse, and you have torn your clothes and wept before Me, I truly have heard you," declares the LORD.

NAU 2 Chr. 34:27 "Because your heart was tender and you humbled yourself before God when you heard His words against this place and against its inhabitants, and because you humbled yourself before Me, tore your clothes and wept before Me, I truly have heard you," declares the LORD.

NAU Ezr. 3:12 Yet many of the priests and Levites and heads of fathers' households, the old men who had seen the first temple, wept with a loud voice when the foundation of this house was laid before their eyes, while many shouted aloud for joy,

NAU Ezr. 10:1 Now while Ezra was praying and making confession, weeping and prostrating himself before the house of God, a very large assembly, men, women and children, gathered to him from Israel; for the people wept bitterly.

NAU Neh. 1:4 When I heard these words, I sat down and wept and mourned for days; and I was fasting and praying before the God of heaven.

NAU Neh. 8:9 Then Nehemiah, who was the governor, and Ezra the priest and scribe, and the Levites who taught the people said to all the people, "This day is holy to the LORD your God; do not mourn or weep." For all the people were weeping when they heard the words of the law.

NAU Est. 8:3 Then Esther spoke again to the king, fell at his feet, wept and implored him to avert the evil scheme of Haman the Agagite and his plot which he had devised against the Jews.

NAU Job 2:12 When they lifted up their eyes at a distance and did not recognize him, they raised their voices and wept. And each of them tore his robe and they threw dust over their heads toward the sky.

NAU Job 27:15 "His survivors will be buried because of the plague, And their widows will not be able to weep.

NAU Job 30:25 "Have I not wept for the one whose life is hard? Was not my soul grieved for the needy?

NAU Job 30:31 "Therefore my harp is turned to mourning, And my flute to the sound of those who weep.

NAU Job 31:38 "If my land cries out against me, And its furrows weep together;

NAU Ps. 69:10 When I wept in my soul with fasting, It became my reproach.

NAU Ps. 78:64 His priests fell by the sword, And His widows could not weep.

NAU Ps. 126:6 He who goes to and fro weeping, carrying his bag of seed, Shall indeed come again with a shout of joy, bringing his sheaves with him.

NAU Ps. 137:1 By the rivers of Babylon, There we sat down and wept, When we remembered Zion.

NAU Eccl. 3:4 A time to weep and a time to laugh; A time to mourn and a time to dance.

NAU Isa. 16:9 Therefore I will weep bitterly for Jazer, for the vine of Sibmah; I will drench you with my tears, O Heshbon and Elealeh; For the shouting over your summer fruits and your harvest has fallen away.

NAU Isa. 30:19 O people in Zion, inhabitant in Jerusalem, you will weep no longer. He will surely be gracious to you at the sound of your cry; when He hears it, He will answer you.

NAU Isa. 33:7 Behold, their brave men cry in the streets, The ambassadors of peace weep bitterly.

NAU Isa. 38:3 and said, "Remember now, O LORD, I beseech You, how I have walked before You in truth and with a whole heart, and have done what is good in Your sight." And Hezekiah wept bitterly.

NAU Jer. 9:1 Oh that my head were waters And my eyes a fountain of tears, That I might weep day and night For the slain of the daughter of my people!

NAU Jer. 13:17 But if you will not listen to it, My soul will sob in secret for such pride; And my eyes will bitterly weep And flow down with tears, Because the flock of the LORD has been taken captive.

NAU Jer. 22:10 Do not weep for the dead or mourn for him, But weep continually for the one who goes away; For he will never return Or see his native land.

NAU Jer. 31:15 Thus says the LORD, "A voice is heard in Ramah, Lamentation and bitter weeping. Rachel is weeping for her children; She refuses to be comforted for her children, Because they are no more."

NAU Jer. 41:6 Then Ishmael the son of Nethaniah went out from Mizpah to meet them, weeping as he went; and as he met them, he said to them, "Come to Gedaliah the son of Ahikam!"

NAU Jer. 48:32 "More than the weeping for Jazer I will weep for you, O vine of Sibmah! Your tendrils stretched across the sea, They reached to the sea of Jazer; Upon your summer fruits and your grape harvest The destroyer has fallen.

NAU Jer. 50:4 "In those days and at that time," declares the LORD, "the sons of Israel will come, both they and the sons of Judah as well; they will go along weeping as they go, and it will be the LORD their God they will seek.

NAU Lam. 1:2 She weeps bitterly in the night And her tears are on her cheeks; She has none to comfort her Among all her lovers. All her friends have dealt treacherously with her; They have become her enemies.

NAU Lam. 1:16 "For these things I weep; My eyes run down with water; Because far from me is a comforter, One who restores my soul. My children are desolate Because the enemy has prevailed."

NAU Ezek. 8:14 Then He brought me to the entrance of the gate of the LORD'S house which was toward the north; and behold, women were sitting there weeping for Tammuz.

NAU Ezek. 24:16 "Son of man, behold, I am about to take from you the desire of your eyes with a blow; but you shall not mourn and you shall not weep, and your tears shall not come.

NAU Ezek. 24:23 'Your turbans will be on your heads and your shoes on your feet. You will not mourn and you will not weep, but you will rot away in your iniquities and you will groan to one another.

NAU Ezek. 27:31 "Also they will make themselves bald for you And gird themselves with sackcloth; And they will weep for you in bitterness of soul With bitter mourning.

NAU Hos. 12:4 Yes, he wrestled with the angel and prevailed; He wept and sought His favor. He found Him at Bethel And there He spoke with us,

NAU Joel 1:5 Awake, drunkards, and weep; And wail, all you wine drinkers, On account of the sweet wine That is cut off from your mouth.

NAU Joel 2:17 Let the priests, the LORD'S ministers, Weep between the porch and the altar, And let them say, "Spare Your people, O LORD, And do not make Your inheritance a reproach, A byword among the nations. Why should they among the peoples say, 'Where is their God?'"

NAU Mic. 1:10 Tell it not in Gath, Weep not at all. At Beth-le-aphrah roll yourself in the dust.

NAU Zech. 7:3 speaking to the priests who belong to the house of the LORD of hosts, and to the prophets, saying, "Shall I weep in the fifth month and abstain, as I have done these many years?"

קְדֹרַנִּית:

Holladay - “unkempt, dressed in mourning attire”

NAU Job 5:11 So that He sets on high those who are lowly, And those who mourn are lifted to safety.

NAU Job 30:28 "I go about mourning without comfort; I stand up in the assembly and cry out for help.

NAU Ps. 35:14 I went about as though it were my friend or brother; I bowed down mourning, as one who sorrows for a mother.

NAU Ps. 38:6 I am bent over and greatly bowed down; I go mourning all day long.

NAU Ps. 42:9 I will say to God my rock, "Why have You forgotten me? Why do I go mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?"

NAU Ps. 43:2 For You are the God of my strength; why have You rejected me? Why do I go mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?

NAU Jer. 4:28 "For this the earth shall mourn And the heavens above be dark, Because I have spoken, I have purposed, And I will not change My mind, nor will I turn from it."

NAU Jer. 8:21 For the brokenness of the daughter of my people I am broken; I mourn, dismay has taken hold of me.

NAU Jer. 14:2 "Judah mourns And her gates languish; They sit on the ground in mourning, And the cry of Jerusalem has ascended.

NAU Jer. 49:28 Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon defeated. Thus says the LORD, "Arise, go up to Kedar And devastate the men of the east.

NAU Ezek. 27:21 "Arabia and all the princes of Kedar, they were your customers for lambs, rams and goats; for these they were your customers.

NAU Ezek. 31:15 'Thus says the Lord GOD, "On the day when it went down to Sheol I caused lamentations; I closed the deep over it and held back its rivers. And its many waters were stopped up, and I made Lebanon mourn for it, and all the trees of the field wilted away on account of it.

NAU Ezek. 32:7 "And when I extinguish you, I will cover the heavens and darken their stars; I will cover the sun with a cloud And the moon will not give its light.

NAU Ezek. 32:8 "All the shining lights in the heavens I will darken over you And will set darkness on your land," Declares the Lord GOD.

NAU Joel 2:10 Before them the earth quakes, The heavens tremble, The sun and the moon grow dark And the stars lose their brightness.

NAU Joel 3:15 The sun and moon grow dark And the stars lose their brightness.

NAU Mic. 3:6 Therefore it will be night for you-- without vision, And darkness for you-- without divination. The sun will go down on the prophets, And the day will become dark over them.

נחם:

Interestingly here the same word in different form is to regret or to be sorry and to comfort.

Holladay-

regret: have regrets, a change of heart
allow oneself. to be sorry:
comfort,

NAU Gen. 6:6 The LORD was sorry that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart.

NAU Gen. 6:7 The LORD said, "I will blot out man whom I have created from the face of the land, from man to animals to creeping things and to birds of the sky; for I am sorry that I have made them."

HERE IS AN EXAMPLE OF THE OPPOSITE / SAME WORD, DIFFERENT FORM . . .NAU Gen. 24:67 Then Isaac brought her into his mother Sarah's tent, and he took Rebekah, and she became his wife, and he loved her; thus Isaac was comforted after his mother's death.

NAU Gen. 27:42 Now when the words of her elder son Esau were reported to Rebekah, she sent and called her younger son Jacob, and said to him, "Behold your brother Esau is consoling himself concerning you by planning to kill you.

NAU Gen. 38:12 Now after a considerable time Shua's daughter, the wife of Judah, died; and when the time of mourning was ended, Judah went up to his sheepshearers at Timnah, he and his friend Hirah the Adullamite.

NAU Gen. 50:21 "So therefore, do not be afraid; I will provide for you and your little ones." So he comforted them and spoke kindly to them.

NAU Jdg. 21:6 And the sons of Israel were sorry for their brother Benjamin and said, "One tribe is cut off from Israel today.

NAU Jdg. 21:15 And the people were sorry for Benjamin because the LORD had made a breach in the tribes of Israel.

NAU Ruth 2:13 Then she said, "I have found favor in your sight, my lord, for you have comforted me and indeed have spoken kindly to your maidservant, though I am not like one of your maidservants."

NAU 1 Sam. 15:11 "I regret that I have made Saul king, for he has turned back from following Me and has not carried out My commands." And Samuel was distressed and cried out to the LORD all night.

NAU 1 Sam. 15:35 Samuel did not see Saul again until the day of his death; for Samuel grieved over Saul. And the LORD regretted that He had made Saul king over Israel.

NAU 2 Sam. 10:2 Then David said, "I will show kindness to Hanun the son of Nahash, just as his father showed kindness to me." So David sent some of his servants to console him concerning his father. But when David's servants came to the land of the Ammonites,

NAU 2 Sam. 12:24 Then David comforted his wife Bathsheba, and went in to her and lay with her; and she gave birth to a son, and he named him Solomon. Now the LORD loved him

NAU 2 Sam. 13:39 The heart of King David longed to go out to Absalom; for he was comforted concerning Amnon, since he was dead.

NAU 2 Sam. 24:16 When the angel stretched out his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who destroyed the people, "It is enough! Now relax your hand!" And the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.

NAU 1 Chr. 21:15 And God sent an angel to Jerusalem to destroy it; but as he was about to destroy it, the LORD saw and was sorry over the calamity, and said to the destroying angel, "It is enough; now relax your hand." And the angel of the LORD was standing by the threshing floor of Ornan the Jebusite.

NAU Job 16:2 "I have heard many such things; Sorry comforters are you all.

אוֹנִי

Holladay - *אוֹנִי: lamentation for the dead, mourning

NAU Deut. 26:14 'I have not eaten of it while mourning, nor have I removed any of it while I was unclean, nor offered any of it to the dead. I have listened to the voice of the LORD my God; I have done according to all that You have commanded me.

NAU Hos. 9:4 They will not pour out drink offerings of wine to the LORD, Their sacrifices will not please Him. Their bread will be like mourners' bread; All who eat of it will be defiled, For their bread will be for themselves alone; It will not enter the house of the LORD.

Similar NAU Isaiah 29:2 I will bring distress to Ariel, And she will be a city of lamenting and mourning; And she will be like an Ariel to me. (Isa. 29:2 NAU)

קין

Holladay - “sing a dirge”

Eirie

NAU 2 Samuel 1:17 Then David chanted with this lament over Saul and Jonathan his son, (2 Sam. 1:17 NAU)

NAU 2 Samuel 3:33 The king chanted a lament for Abner and said, "Should Abner die as a fool dies? (2 Sam. 3:33 NAU)

NAU 2 Samuel 21:16 Then Ishbi-benob, who was among the descendants of the giant, the weight of whose spear was three hundred shekels of bronze in weight, was girded with a new sword, and he intended to kill David.

NAU 2 Chronicles 35:25 Then Jeremiah chanted a lament for Josiah. And all the male and female singers speak about Josiah in their lamentations to this day. And they made them an ordinance in Israel; behold, they are also written in the Lamentations.

NAU Jeremiah 9:17 Thus says the LORD of hosts, "Consider and call for the mourning women, that they may come; And send for the wailing women, that they may come! (Jer. 9:17 NAU)

NAU Ezekiel 27:32 "Moreover, in their wailing they will take up a lamentation for you And lament over you: 'Who is like Tyre, Like her who is silent in the midst of the sea? (Ezek. 27:32 NAU)

NAU Ezekiel 32:16 "This is a lamentation and they shall chant it. The daughters of the nations shall chant it. Over Egypt and over all her hordes they shall chant it," declares the Lord GOD.

המה:

Holladay 1. make noise, uproar: — 2. roar (sea, waves) Is 17₁₂; — 3. give a sound: growl (bear) Is— 4. be unsteady, restless: inward parts 5. groan

Tim - Notice the strong expressions also used to translate this word… And then consider the Psalms below. The sea bellowing, the bear growling. And his heart is disturbed… A hard word.

NAU 1 Ki. 1:41 Now Adonijah and all the guests who were with him heard it as they finished eating. When Joab heard the sound of the trumpet, he said, "Why is the city making such an uproar?"

NAU Ps. 39:6 "Surely every man walks about as a phantom; Surely they make an uproar for nothing; He amasses riches and does not know who will gather them.

NAU Ps. 42:5 Why are you in despair, O my soul? And why have you become disturbed within me? Hope in God, for I shall again praise Him For the help of His presence.

NAU Ps. 42:11 Why are you in despair, O my soul? And why have you become disturbed within me? Hope in God, for I shall yet praise Him, The help of my countenance and my God.

NAU Ps. 43:5 Why are you in despair, O my soul? And why are you disturbed within me? Hope in God, for I shall again praise Him, The help of my countenance and my God.

NAU Ps. 77:3 When I remember God, then I am disturbed; When I sigh, then my spirit grows faint. Selah.

NAU Isa. 59:11 All of us growl like bears, And moan sadly like doves; We hope for justice, but there is none, For salvation, but it is far from us.

NAU Jer. 4:19 My soul, my soul! I am in anguish! Oh, my heart! My heart is pounding in me; I cannot be silent, Because you have heard, O my soul, The sound of the trumpet, The alarm of war.

NAU Jer. 48:36 "Therefore My heart wails for Moab like flutes; My heart also wails like flutes for the men of Kir-heres. Therefore they have lost the abundance it produced.

הֶ֫גֶה

Holladay - “Groan ; thought groaning, rumbling of thunder”

Tim - Word used for meditation in a positive way, and yet occasionally to murmur in grief.

יאשׁ:

Holladay. min, despair of, desist

NAU 1 Sam. 27:1 Then David said to himself, "Now I will perish one day by the hand of Saul. There is nothing better for me than to escape into the land of the Philistines. Saul then will despair of searching for me anymore in all the territory of Israel, and I will escape from his hand."

NAU Job 6:26 "Do you intend to reprove my words, When the words of one in despair belong to the wind?

NAU Eccl. 2:20 Therefore I completely despaired of all the fruit of my labor for which I had labored under the sun.

NAU Isa. 57:10 "You were tired out by the length of your road, Yet you did not say, 'It is hopeless.' You found renewed strength, Therefore you did not faint.

NAU Jer. 2:25 "Keep your feet from being unshod And your throat from thirst; But you said, 'It is hopeless! No! For I have loved strangers, And after them I will walk.'

NAU Jer. 18:12 "But they will say, 'It's hopeless! For we are going to follow our own plans, and each of us will act according to the stubbornness of his evil heart.'

Primary New Testament Words

Λυπέω,

Thayer - “to make sorrowful; to affect with sadness, cause grief; to throw into sorrow”

NAU Matt. 14:9 Although he was grieved, the king commanded it to be given because of his oaths, and because of his dinner guests.

NAU Matt. 17:23 and they will kill Him, and He will be raised on the third day." And they were deeply grieved.

NAU Matt. 18:31 "So when his fellow slaves saw what had happened, they were deeply grieved and came and reported to their lord all that had happened.

NAU Matt. 19:22 But when the young man heard this statement, he went away grieving; for he was one who owned much property.

NAU Matt. 26:22 Being deeply grieved, they each one began to say to Him, "Surely not I, Lord?"

NAU Matt. 26:37 And He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to be grieved and distressed.

NAU Mk. 10:22 But at these words he was saddened, and he went away grieving, for he was one who owned much property.

NAU Mk. 14:19 They began to be grieved and to say to Him one by one, "Surely not I?"

NAU Jn. 16:20 "Truly, truly, I say to you, that you will weep and lament, but the world will rejoice; you will grieve, but your grief will be turned into joy.

NAU Jn. 21:17 He said to him the third time, "Simon, son of John, do you love Me?" Peter was grieved because He said to him the third time, "Do you love Me?" And he said to Him, "Lord, You know all things; You know that I love You." Jesus said to him, "Tend My sheep.

NAU Rom. 14:15 For if because of food your brother is hurt, you are no longer walking according to love. Do not destroy with your food him for whom Christ died.

NAU 2 Cor. 2:2 For if I cause you sorrow, who then makes me glad but the one whom I made sorrowful?

NAU 2 Cor. 2:4 For out of much affliction and anguish of heart I wrote to you with many tears; not so that you would be made sorrowful, but that you might know the love which I have especially for you.

NAU 2 Cor. 2:5 But if any has caused sorrow, he has caused sorrow not to me, but in some degree-- in order not to say too much-- to all of you.

NAU 2 Cor. 6:10 as sorrowful yet always rejoicing, as poor yet making many rich, as having nothing yet possessing all things.

NAU 2 Cor. 7:8 For though I caused you sorrow by my letter, I do not regret it; though I did regret it-- for I see that that letter caused you sorrow, though only for a while--

NAU 2 Cor. 7:9 I now rejoice, not that you were made sorrowful, but that you were made sorrowful to the point of repentance; for you were made sorrowful according to the will of God, so that you might not suffer loss in anything through us.

NAU 2 Cor. 7:11 For behold what earnestness this very thing, this godly sorrow, has produced in you: what vindication of yourselves, what indignation, what fear, what longing, what zeal, what avenging of wrong! In everything you demonstrated yourselves to be innocent in the matter.

NAU Eph. 4:30 Do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, by whom you were sealed for the day of redemption.

NAU 1 Thess. 4:13 But we do not want you to be uninformed, brethren, about those who are asleep, so that you will not grieve as do the rest who have no hope.

NAU 1 Pet. 1:6 In this you greatly rejoice, even though now for a little while, if necessary, you have been distressed by various trials,

περίλυπος

Thayer - “encompassed with grief' very sad, exceedingly sorrowful”

Tim - Of course, this is an emphatic form of the word above. Similar, but perhaps in most cases heightened.

NAU Matt. 26:38 Then He said to them, "My soul is deeply grieved, to the point of death; remain here and keep watch with Me."

NAU Mk. 6:26 And although the king was very sorry, yet because of his oaths and because of his dinner guests, he was unwilling to refuse her.

NAU Mk. 14:34 And He said to them, "My soul is deeply grieved to the point of death; remain here and keep watch."

NAU Lk. 18:23 But when he had heard these things, he became very sad, for he was extremely rich.

NAU Lk. 18:24 And Jesus looked at him and said, "How hard it is for those who are wealthy to enter the kingdom of God!

συλλυπέω:

Thayer - “2. Passive, present participle; to grieve with oneself, be inwardly grieved of the pain of indignation,”

Mark 3:5 After looking around at them with anger, grieved at their hardness of heart, He said to the man, "Stretch out your hand." And he stretched it out, and his hand was restored. (Mk. 3:5 NAU)

σκυθρωπός,

Thayer - of a sad and gloomy countenance (opposed to φαιδρός, Xenophon, mem. 3, 10, 4): Luke 24:17; of one who feigns or affects a sad countenance, Matt. 6:16.

NAU Matt. 6:16 "Whenever you fast, do not put on a gloomy face as the hypocrites do, for they neglect their appearance so that they will be noticed by men when they are fasting. Truly I say to you, they have their reward in full.

NAU Lk. 24:17 And He said to them, "What are these words that you are exchanging with one another as you are walking?" And they stood still, looking sad.

Στυγνάζω

Thayer - to be sad, to be sorrowful: properly, ἐπί τίνι (R. V. his countenance fell at etc.), Mark 10:22; metaphorically, of the sky covered with clouds.

NAU Mark 10:22 But at these words he was saddened, and he went away grieving, for he was one who owned much property.

ἀδημονέω,

Thayer - “(from the unused ἀδημων, and this from the alpha privative and δῆμος; accordingly, uncomfortable, as not at home,

NAU Matt. 26:37 And He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and began to be grieved and distressed.

NAU Mk. 14:33 And He took with Him Peter and James and John, and began to be very distressed and troubled.

NAU Phil. 2:26 because he was longing for you all and was distressed because you had heard that he was sick.

κλαίω

Thayer -

“to mourn, weep, lament; a. intransitive:

weeping as the sign of pain and grief for the thing signified (i. e. for pain and grief (Synonyms: δακρύω, κλαίω, ὀδύρομαι, θρηνέω, ἀλαλάζω (ὀλολύζω), στενάζω: strictly, δακρύω denotes to shed tears, weep silently; κλαίω to weep audibly, to cry as a child; ὀδύρομαι to give verbal expression to grief, to lament; θρηνέω to give formal expression to grief, to sing a dirge; ἀλαλάζω to wail in oriental style, to howl in a consecrated, semi-liturgical fashion; στενάζω to express grief by inarticulate or semi-articulate sounds, to groan. Cf. Schmidt chh. 26, 126.)”

NAU Matt. 2:18 "A VOICE WAS HEARD IN RAMAH, WEEPING AND GREAT MOURNING, RACHEL WEEPING FOR HER CHILDREN; AND SHE REFUSED TO BE COMFORTED, BECAUSE THEY WERE NO MORE."

NAU Matt. 26:75 And Peter remembered the word which Jesus had said, "Before a rooster crows, you will deny Me three times." And he went out and wept bitterly.

NAU Mk. 5:38 They came to the house of the synagogue official; and He saw a commotion, and people loudly weeping and wailing.

NAU Mk. 5:39 And entering in, He said to them, "Why make a commotion and weep? The child has not died, but is asleep."

NAU Mk. 14:72 Immediately a rooster crowed a second time. And Peter remembered how Jesus had made the remark to him, "Before a rooster crows twice, you will deny Me three times." And he began to weep.

NAU Mk. 16:10 She went and reported to those who had been with Him, while they were mourning and weeping.

NAU Lk. 6:21 "Blessed are you who hunger now, for you shall be satisfied. Blessed are you who weep now, for you shall laugh.

NAU Lk. 6:25 "Woe to you who are well-fed now, for you shall be hungry. Woe to you who laugh now, for you shall mourn and weep.

NAU Lk. 7:13 When the Lord saw her, He felt compassion for her, and said to her, "Do not weep."

NAU Lk. 7:32 "They are like children who sit in the market place and call to one another, and they say, 'We played the flute for you, and you did not dance; we sang a dirge, and you did not weep.'

NAU Lk. 7:38 and standing behind Him at His feet, weeping, she began to wet His feet with her tears, and kept wiping them with the hair of her head, and kissing His feet and anointing them with the perfume.

NAU Lk. 8:52 Now they were all weeping and lamenting for her; but He said, "Stop weeping, for she has not died, but is asleep."

NAU Lk. 19:41 When He approached Jerusalem, He saw the city and wept over it,

NAU Lk. 22:62 And he went out and wept bitterly.

NAU Lk. 23:28 But Jesus turning to them said, "Daughters of Jerusalem, stop weeping for Me, but weep for yourselves and for your children.

NAU Jn. 11:31 Then the Jews who were with her in the house, and consoling her, when they saw that Mary got up quickly and went out, they followed her, supposing that she was going to the tomb to weep there.

NAU Jn. 11:33 When Jesus therefore saw her weeping, and the Jews who came with her also weeping, He was deeply moved in spirit and was troubled,

NAU Jn. 16:20 "Truly, truly, I say to you, that you will weep and lament, but the world will rejoice; you will grieve, but your grief will be turned into joy.

NAU Jn. 20:11 But Mary was standing outside the tomb weeping; and so, as she wept, she stooped and looked into the tomb;

NAU Jn. 20:13 And they said to her, "Woman, why are you weeping?" She said to them, "Because they have taken away my Lord, and I do not know where they have laid Him."

NAU Jn. 20:15 Jesus said to her, "Woman, why are you weeping? Whom are you seeking?" Supposing Him to be the gardener, she said to Him, "Sir, if you have carried Him away, tell me where you have laid Him, and I will take Him away."

NAU Acts 9:39 So Peter arose and went with them. When he arrived, they brought him into the upper room; and all the widows stood beside him, weeping and showing all the tunics and garments that Dorcas used to make while she was with them.

NAU Acts 21:13 Then Paul answered, "What are you doing, weeping and breaking my heart? For I am ready not only to be bound, but even to die at Jerusalem for the name of the Lord Jesus."

NAU Rom. 12:15 Rejoice with those who rejoice, and weep with those who weep.

NAU 1 Cor. 7:30 and those who weep, as though they did not weep; and those who rejoice, as though they did not rejoice; and those who buy, as though they did not possess;

NAU Phil. 3:18 For many walk, of whom I often told you, and now tell you even weeping, that they are enemies of the cross of Christ,

NAU Jas. 4:9 Be miserable and mourn and weep; let your laughter be turned into mourning and your joy to gloom.

NAU Jas. 5:1 Come now, you rich, weep and howl for your miseries which are coming upon you.

NAU Rev. 5:4 Then I began to weep greatly because no one was found worthy to open the book or to look into it;

NAU Rev. 5:5 and one of the elders said to me, "Stop weeping; behold, the Lion that is from the tribe of Judah, the Root of David, has overcome so as to open the book and its seven seals."

NAU Rev. 18:9 "And the kings of the earth, who committed acts of immorality and lived sensuously with her, will weep and lament over her when they see the smoke of her burning,

NAU Rev. 18:11 "And the merchants of the earth weep and mourn over her, because no one buys their cargoes any more--

NAU Rev. 18:15 "The merchants of these things, who became rich from her, will stand at a distance because of the fear of her torment, weeping and mourning,

NAU Rev. 18:19 "And they threw dust on their heads and were crying out, weeping and mourning, saying, 'Woe, woe, the great city, in which all who had ships at sea became rich by her wealth, for in one hour she has been laid waste!'

ὀδυρμός,

Thayer - “ὀδύρομαι to wail, lament, , a wailing, lamentation, mourning

NAU Matt. 2:18 "A VOICE WAS HEARD IN RAMAH, WEEPING AND GREAT MOURNING, RACHEL WEEPING FOR HER CHILDREN; AND SHE REFUSED TO BE COMFORTED, BECAUSE THEY WERE NO MORE."

NAU 2 Cor. 7:7 and not only by his coming, but also by the comfort with which he was comforted in you, as he reported to us your longing, your mourning, your zeal for me; so that I rejoiced even more.

πενθέω

, πένθω; future πενθήσω; 1 aorist ἐπένθησα (πένθος); from Homer down; the Septuagint chiefly for אָבַל; to mourn; a. intransitive:

NAU Matt. 5:4 "Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.

NAU Matt. 9:15 And Jesus said to them, "The attendants of the bridegroom cannot mourn as long as the bridegroom is with them, can they? But the days will come when the bridegroom is taken away from them, and then they will fast.

NAU Mk. 16:10 She went and reported to those who had been with Him, while they were mourning and weeping.

NAU Lk. 6:25 "Woe to you who are well-fed now, for you shall be hungry. Woe to you who laugh now, for you shall mourn and weep.

NAU 1 Cor. 5:2 You have become arrogant and have not mourned instead, so that the one who had done this deed would be removed from your midst.

NAU 2 Cor. 12:21 I am afraid that when I come again my God may humiliate me before you, and I may mourn over many of those who have sinned in the past and not repented of the impurity, immorality and sensuality which they have practiced.

NAU Jas. 4:9 Be miserable and mourn and weep; let your laughter be turned into mourning and your joy to gloom.

NAU Rev. 18:11 "And the merchants of the earth weep and mourn over her, because no one buys their cargoes any more--

NAU Rev. 18:15 "The merchants of these things, who became rich from her, will stand at a distance because of the fear of her torment, weeping and mourning,

θρηνέω

Thayer:

“1. to lament, to mourn: John 16:20; of the singers of dirges (to wail), Matt. 11:17; Luke 7:32.

2. to bewail, deplore: τινα, Luke 23:27”

NAU Matthew 11:17 and say, 'We played the flute for you, and you did not dance; we sang a dirge, and you did not m (Matt. 11:17 NAU)

NAU Luke 7:32 "They are like children who sit in the market place and call to one another, and they say, 'We played the flute for you, and you did not dance; we sang a dirge, and you did not weep.'

(Lk. 7:32 NAU)

NAU Luke 23:27 And following Him was a large crowd of the people, and of women who were mourning and lamenting Him. (Lk. 23:27 NAU)

NAU John 16:20 "Truly, truly, I say to you, that you will weep and lament, but the world will rejoice; you will grieve, but your grief will be turned into joy. (Jn. 16:20 NAU)

κόπτω

Thayery: “Middle to beat one's breast for grief”

Tim: From Mt 11:17, we find thayneo and kopto put together. As someone played the mourning music, the others were to beat their chest and wail in sadness. It appears that the natural expressions of mourning became fake and artificial at funerals in the NT.

Matthew 11:17 and say, 'We played the flute for you, and you did not dance; we sang a dirge, and you did not mourn.' (Matt. 11:17 NAU)

NAU Matthew 24:30 "And then the sign of the Son of Man will appear in the sky, and then all the tribes of the earth will mourn, and they will see the SON OF MAN COMING ON THE CLOUDS OF THE SKY with power and great glory. (Matt. 24:30 NAU)

NAU Luke 8:52 Now they were all weeping and lamenting for her; but He said, "Stop weeping, for she has not died, but is asleep." (Lk. 8:52 NAU)

NAU Luke 23:27 And following Him was a large crowd of the people, and of women who were mourning and lamenting Him. (Lk. 23:27 NAU)

NAU Revelation 1:7 BEHOLD, HE IS COMING WITH THE CLOUDS, and every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him; and all the tribes of the earth will mourn over Him. So it is to be. Amen. (Rev. 1:7 NAU)

NAU Revelation 18:9 "And the kings of the earth, who committed acts of immorality and lived sensuously with her, will weep and lament over her when they see the smoke of her burning, (Rev. 18:9 NAU)

δάκνω

Friberg - “bite; literally, of animals and reptiles; figuratively, as acting spitefully or injuriously toward others cause harm to (GA 5.15) δάκρυον, ου, τό of crying tear (RV 7.17); plural tears, weeping (MK 9.24)

NAU Mk. 9:24 Immediately the boy's father cried out and said, "I do believe; help my unbelief."

NAU Lk. 7:44 Turning toward the woman, He said to Simon, "Do you see this woman? I entered your house; you gave Me no water for My feet, but she has wet My feet with her tears and wiped them with her hair.

NAU Acts 20:19 serving the Lord with all humility and with tears and with trials which came upon me through the plots of the Jews;

NAU Acts 20:31 "Therefore be on the alert, remembering that night and day for a period of three years I did not cease to admonish each one with tears.

NAU 2 Tim. 1:4 longing to see you, even as I recall your tears, so that I may be filled with joy.

NAU Heb. 5:7 In the days of His flesh, He offered up both prayers and supplications with loud crying and tears to the One able to save Him from death, and He was heard because of His piety.

NAU Heb. 12:17 For you know that even afterwards, when he desired to inherit the blessing, he was rejected, for he found no place for repentance, though he sought for it with tears.

NAU Rev. 7:17 for the Lamb in the center of the throne will be their shepherd, and will guide them to springs of the water of life; and God will wipe every tear from their eyes."

NAU Rev. 21:4 and He will wipe away every tear from their eyes; and there will no longer be any death; there will no longer be any mourning, or crying, or pain; the first things have passed away."

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